Análise de investimentos em sistemas de geração de energia elétrica fotovoltaica

Abstract

Currently, one of the most promising energy alternatives for power generation is the use of the energy generated by the sun, which is clean, renewable and abundant. Generated through photovoltaic panels, the production of solar energy in Brazil has as its main barrier the economical cost, because its cost is higher than that generated by conventional sources (mainly hydro electric plants). Even So, it has the potential to compete in productivity and profitability, due to constant increases in the electricity tariff Thus, this paper analyzes two case studies for a single consumer, that is , a consumer with two different consumption profiles, a residential point and a commercial point (restaurant). Where we analyze the technical and economical feasibility for the generation of photovoltaic energy in a residence and a commercial point, in order to define which consumer profile (residential or commercial) has the best cost-benefit for the realization of a Investment. The study aims to reduce costs in the electricity tariff in addition to diversify the Brazilian energy matrix, in which, a decentralized production of electricity is developed to meet the own needs of energy supply of the consumer, in order to reduce the value of the electric energy bill. In such a way, the analyzed scenarios are located in the city of Rosario do Sul-RS, where the South RGE is responsible for the distribution of electricity. The Residence has an average consumption of 673 kWh/month, while the commercial point consumes on average 3184 kWh/month. In This work, it is analyzed the return time of investment, through simple payback methods, discounted payback, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and minimum attractiveness rate (TMA). Both pro jects were economically viable in all tariff flags scenarios, and the feasibility of installing a photovoltaic system with a return time of 5 years and 8 months for the commercial point and 8 years and 4 months was verified, for residential installation. The main results made evident that, despite presenting a higher initial investment for economic results considering only the worst scenario (green Flag), i.e., where the return on investment is lower, the project for the commercial point Cost-effectively for a long-term investment. Keywords: Economic, financial, photovoltaic, investment, viability.