Viabilidade econômica de um sistema de compensação de energia elétrica produzida por painéis fotovoltaicos

Abstract

The climatic variations that cause the vulnerability of water resources have directly influenced the increase of electricity generation costs in Brazil, therefore, to have access to electricity, consumers are paying more and more expensive, encouraging the search for alternative sources of energy to reduce such costs. The alternative that has gained space in the national and world scenario is the distributed generation by means of photovoltaic modules, because it counts on a system of long useful life which guarantees the production of energy for many years, minimizing the costs with electricity. As many consumers have two or more buildings in their name, and with a concern to reduce spending on electric bills, a technical and economic viability study has been proposed to install a photovoltaic system for energy compensation, aiming at , mainly consumers that contain residential and commercial buildings, basing the study on a client that contains as commerce a gym. In order to carry out the study, the equipment life, maintenance, variation of the kilowatt-hour price, inflation and the increase caused by tariff flags were calculated considering worksheets created in Excel, as a technical result, the necessary equipment was obtained for ensure the necessary production of energy for the consumer units, and the investment required to install the system. In order to obtain the economic viability results, the economical engineering methods were used: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Simple Payback. With the realization of the study it was observed that the installation of photovoltaic system with energy compensation is feasible for this customer profile, from the Simple Payback, an initial investment return time considered low given the high initial cost. It can be observed that for consumers who use micro and distributed minima when there is an increase in the electric energy tariff and when the conditions for energy production are not favorable, there is an increase in tariffs, since the amount that would be Electric energy bills are seen as cash inflow, so investment in the photovoltaic system will return more quickly.