Complexidade econômica e intensidade tecnológica: uma análise da pauta exportadora brasileira entre 2003 - 2017

Abstract

The contemporaneity of the debates about economic growth suggests the existence of positive effects exerted by industrialization and international trade on the increase in growth rates. Frequently East Asian countries are mentioned in the discussions because they have shown increasing rates of economic growth since the last decades of the twentieth century, based mainly on export-oriented industrialization, trade liberalization, and investment in human capital. Differently from what was proposed in the PSI for the Latin American countries, including Brazil. In this context, the importance of technological innovation for economic growth is a feature of the neo-Schumpeterian approach that comprises capitalism as an evolutionary process and creative destruction, historically marked by five technological revolutions in which the creation of new structures within this system is subject to ruptures and discontinuities, both incremental and revolutionary. The research had the objective of analyzing the Brazilian exportation rate between the years 2003 and 2017 regarding the degree of technological Intensity according to the National Classification for Economic Activities. For this purpose, the historical-deductive method was used through exploratory, bibliographic and secondary data on the Industry Sectors by Technological Intensity classification. The analysis was done using the values in Dollars, exported tons and average price. It was verified that the country points to a reprimarization of its economy, presenting a technological gap that causes that the products more intensive in technology are less sellable abroad, compromising its capacity of generation of innovations and industrial renewal.