Educação de jovens e adultos: dos discursos de alunos evadidos à construção de uma proposta pedagógica e intercultural com as linguagens

Abstract

From my performance as a collaborator in the Education of Youth and Adults (EJA) and aiming to problematize truancy at EJA and possibilities of reducing it by means of a proposal that studied the Portuguese Language in perspectives of the conception of language as interaction and interculturality, I sought in this research to answer the following questions: What are the discourses about truancy made by the voices of EJA‘s truants? How to establish dialogues between truants and EJA‘s students in the development of pedagogical activities related to languages? In order to do such, I supported myself theoretically in legal matters about Education of Youth and Adults (LDB, 1996), pedagogical practices that lead to citizenship (FREIRE; NOGUEIRA, 1989), EJA‘s peculiarities (PINTO, 2000; OLIVEIRA; EITERER, 2014), truancy at EJA (UNICEF, 2014; SOUZA, 2011), studies about the importance of dialogue between subjects, also in school environment (BAKHTIN, 1997; FREIRE, 1996; CLARK, 2008; FEIRE, 2011), discussions about interculturalism (TORQUATO, 2013) and school culture (TURA, 1999), problematizations about the genre (BAKHTIN, 1997; LOUKILI, 2009), cultural studies on education (SILVA, 1995), literacies (ROJO, 2009), identity and curriculum (SILVA, 2007), reading and authorship (SIMÕES; RAMOS; MARCHI; FILIPOUSKI, 2012), conception of language as interaction (GERALDI, 2010), interdisciplinarity (POMBO, 2014) and exotopy (BAKHTIN, 1997; TORQUATO, 2014). Using the qualitative, interpretivist, and research-action methodologies, based on Applied Linguistics, initially, I heard the reports from truants, which have been recorded in audiovisual, in order to list the reasons that led them to truancy analyzing and interpreting the verbal and non-verbal languages of discourse, as well as, to point some cultural aspects, including their schooling trajectories, which constitute their identities. Then I aimed to have the lines from the interviewees as a triggering activity in the development of a course offered to teachers, intended to foment the work done with languages, in an interdisciplinary perspective, by all curricular components. However, the support from teachers diminished along the process, so I needed to close said offer and resize the proposal. In a second moment, I started working with an EJA (T4) class, which I administered a learning unit with ―Dialogues between truants and EJA students‖ as a theme, contemplating the personal report (using here the interviews as a triggering activity for the project), letter and musical poetry. The activities proposed sought to provide reading and interpretation of stated texts of social circulation, with emphasis on the development of (re)writing, dialoguing, arguing and counter-arguing skills, in an intercultural and interdisciplinary work based on languages. The last stage of the research consisted on the analysis of data produced, redesigning and amplification of the learning unit, supported by the results of its development in class and defining the final pedagogical product of this dissertation. Results from the research pointed out the importance of dialogue between the subjects. Also, the relevance of working with speech genres in the classroom, because it worked the cultural diversity from the intercultural speeches legitimated by real situations of interlocution, enriching the proposal with the language and with the critical formation of the subject through positioning of their identities. Lastly, because of the change of perspective I needed to have in this research, I showed, even though it was a subtle practice, that the teacher can act producing and implementing didactic activities that ally the interests from students, contemplate their cultures and establish legitimate situations of interlocution among school subjects.