Projeto do controle de um governador de velocidade para motogeradores diesel para posterior utilização em sistemas embarcados

Abstract

Diesel motor generators are devices used to generate electricity that can be applied to power distribuition network, in vehicles and equipments. For the electric generator to operate within the frequency of the network it is necessary that diesel engine attached to it operates at constant speed independently of the variation of the electrical load applied. The Governor of Speed is the device responsible for maintaining the engine's operating speed by compensating as shaft load fluctuations through the injected fuel control. Currently the control of the majority of speed governors Is performed mechanically. The proposal of this work is development of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), and a feedback control in the state space of a speed governor so that it can be inserted in an embedded system. With the application of the PID control the system obtained a response with smooth curve with a overshoot of approximately 12.8% with setting time of 0.78 seconds. In the states space beyond the response curve to be smooth, the povershoot was very small, approximately 0.2% and the setting time of just over 0.5 seconds. Selecting the Arduino as a platform, a C program was developed to perform the PID control of a servomotor, which can later be connected to the acceleration rod of the diesel engine fuel pump.