Tipologia dos sistemas de produção de leite no município de alegrete, rs, com base nos índices produtivos

Abstract

As the science advances, many technical and technological informations available for dairy activity production are generated, however, not all applicable to all production systems. The recommendation of technologies and information more applicable to a particular region or property is one of the great challenges faced by those who work in the dairy sector with this task. In this scenario, studies that measure the productive characteristics allow a systemic view of livestock production systems, which contributes to the orientation of professionals working in the agrarian and social sciences, orienting local productive decisions or public and private policies focused on the agroindustrial system. With the intention of typify the production systems, through the characterization of the productive profiles of the properties that develop the milk activity in the city of Alegrete in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, this study was developed. The study was conducted in 43 properties that are distributed in 22 localities of the municipality. As a criterion of representativeness of the properties, the daily milk volume was prioritized, where the production systems were ordered according to productivity. The data collection was made by visiting the properties, using a semi-structured questionnaire guide, informations about registration data, characteristics of the owner and of the rural property, dairy production and cattle, nutritional management, milking management, reproductive management, sanitary control and concluded by approaching the milk marketing strategies. The obtained data by the questionnaires were tabulated and by the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software, using the multivariate statistic submitted to the main component analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (CHA) to divide the 43 units of production into homogeneous groups. As the studied variables were summarized through the MCA in two main components (1 and 2), which explained 71.531% of the variance explained. From the hierarchical classification analysis, the dataset of the 43 properties studied was reduced in six groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6). The results obtained from the insertion of the axes of the main components 1 and 2 allowed the interpretation of the groups of systems, according to the characteristics related to milk production. The productive aspects that define the characteristics of milk production systems in the studied area were related to the structure of the cattle, pasture area, daily production, disposal criteria and milking management, suggesting that the technical assistance and rural extension actions in the dairy’s system production in the municipality of Alegrete should be directed according to the bottlenecks of each system.