O estudo de tópicos de eletricidade: uma sequência didática para a educação de jovens e adultos

Abstract

This work is based on the application of a Didactic Sequence, in order to mean the learning of high school students in adult education (In Brazil, educação de jovens e adultos – EJA) on electricity topics. It was developed in the State School public in Caçapava do Sul. The proposal was applied in Physics classes in 2014, in a “class of nine” (equivalent to senior year on regular High School Education). The study was conducted based on Andragogy studies in the theory of Meaningful Learning by Ausubel and guided by the curriculum lines for adult education. The sequency of seven activities was developed to contemplate the study of electricity topics like Electric Voltage, Electric Current, Electric Power and Energy, to be applied in eleven classes. The first activity seeks to situate the study of the electricity and its features by reading text and video analysis of situations involving electricity. In the second activity is proposed the study of the electrical specifications presented in electronic equipment and appliances, as well as the study of the meanings of electrical units present in them. The third activity is proposing to build an experimental mode of electrical circuit operation and their characteristics. The fourth activity is a propose to carry out problem-solving activities that evolved the use of electrical measure units. The fifth activity is the study of the characteristics of the electrical wiring in homes, with basic guidelines for the correct use of them. In the sixth activity the student has the task of identifying the component parts of the electric shower and explains the operation when it’s in use. In the last activity of the sequence is based on the calculation of electricity consumption in a residence. The results show that the activities proposed in the didactic sentence present a good potential for the study of electricity topics because throughout their application, students demonstrated improved skills to differentiate and understand the functioning of electrical circuits, assimilate the basic concepts of electricity and understand calculating the power consumption and operation of residential grid. The developed work is summarized in educational production presented in the appendix to this thesis and consists of a didactic support material directed to teachers of elementary, high school and adult education where the teaching of electrics is presented.