Desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento: as políticas públicas de combate à pobreza no Brasil

Abstract

Social inequality and poverty are deeply rooted structural problems in Brazil's historical and economic formation. Since the colonial period, the country has experienced a development model based on resource exploitation and income concentration, perpetuating social exclusions that persist today. With the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, Brazil sought to solidify the State's role in addressing these issues through public policies aimed at guaranteeing fundamental rights such as health, education, and social assistance. Among these policies, the Brazil Without Extreme Poverty Plan (Plano Brasil Sem Miséria), implemented in 2011, stands out as a multidimensional strategy combining cash transfers, productive inclusion, and access to essential services to eradicate extreme poverty. The main objective of this research is to analyze economic development policies associated with social policies to combat poverty in Brazil. The study employs a pluralist methodological approach, using descriptive, structural, and historical-critical methods to understand the trajectory of public policies and their effects. Bibliographic sources and secondary data from institutions such as IBGE, IPEA, and SAGI/MDS support the analysis. The results show that while the Brazil Without Extreme Poverty Plan has achieved significant progress in reducing extreme poverty, structural challenges such as regional inequalities and the effects of economic crises limit its full effectiveness. The study concludes that integrated social policies aligned with sustainable development strategies are essential to address social disparities and promote more equitable growth in Brazil.