Etnociência por meio da temática indígena na escola : contribuições da teoria histórico - cultural de Vigotski na produção de uma tabela periódica cultural interativa

Abstract

The study described in this dissertation refers to the application of a pedagogical intervention methodology, addressing the theme of indigenous culture in Latin America, having as theoretical foundation the branch of Ethnoscience and Vygotsky's Historical-Cultural Theory. Ethnoscience highlights the role of scientific knowledge anchored in popular knowledge of a given culture or region, creating a more contextualized and critical approach in academic environments. Regarding Vygotsky's historical-cultural theory, its definition consists of the role of man interacting with a social/cultural environment to develop. Thus, in order to understand the proposed theoretical foundation, a digital tool called the Ethnoscientific Periodic Table was developed, which covered concepts of organic chemistry contextualized with the wisdom of indigenous peoples. The research methodology has a qualitative nature, planned in six meetings, organized in a didactic sequence format, in which the educational product developed in the five methodological stages was used. The main data collection occurred through logbooks, portfolios and video recordings. To analyze the data, exploratory analysis, a scale of learning indicators, the data triangulation technique, and the assumptions of Vygotsky and Ethnoscience were used. As the analyses showed, in general terms, the scales used reflected superficial learning, such as difficulty with chemical formulas and structures, and a greater theoretical basis regarding the indigenous theme proposed in the research. Free and easily accessible digital platforms were used for the educational product, in order to facilitate the approach for the research subjects. The ethnoscientific periodic table presents fundamentals of the area of organic chemistry, such as formulas, structures, nomenclatures, examples, and real contexts, as well as the indigenous theme, which complements this knowledge by contextualizing it through its customs, traditions, and distinct forms of use, in which they are organized in the format of interactive images, developed on the Genially platform. In this context, with the use of the educational product and the analysis methods addressed, it was understood that the objectives outlined in the research were achieved and that the ethnoscientific periodic table is relevant to education in the country.