Desenvolvimento, caracterização físico-química e avaliação antifúngica de nanopartículas contendo itraconazol associado ao óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia

Abstract

Onychomycosis can be caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, being difficult to treat. Conventional therapy may be toxic and related to fungal resistance. Polymeric nanoparticles are colloidal systems capable of enhancing drug properties as well as reversing fungal resistance. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize polymer nanoparticles with itraconazole (ITZ) associated with M.alternifolia essential oil (TTO) and evaluate the antifungal potential in Candida spp.

The polymer swelling test was performed and indicated adequacy in poly (ε- caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles using TTO. The nanoparticles were obtained by

the interfacial deposition method of the preformed polymer, characterized and tested against isolates of Candida spp by the technique of microdilution in broth. The susceptibility profile of ITZ and TTO alone was also performed, and the Checkerboard method was used to evaluate the effect of the association of ITZ with TTO. The nanocapsule with ITZ associated with TTO (NC-TTO ITZ) had an average diameter of 212nm, SPAN of 1.93 and pH of 5.90. The MIC of TTO-free against C. albicans ATCC 28367 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was 37,5μg/mL and for C.tropicalis ATCC 750 was 18,75 μg / mL. The free ITZ MIC versus all tested isolates was > 16μg/mL. The test of the association of TTO with ITZ against C.albicans ATCC 28367 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 resulted in indifference (0.5 <ICIF <4). The susceptibility test of NC-TTO ITZ to all Candida isolates tested had MIC > 51.2μg /mL for TTO and > 16 μg/mL for ITZ in nanoparticulate systems, suggesting that TTO has potential against yeast, such as Candidas spp. Thus, it is considered important to standardize the development and characterization of the nanoparticles, as well as the microbiological techniques involving TTO, itraconazole and fluconazole because it is the drug of first choice for the treatment of certain infections by Candida spp.