Uso do sensoriamento remoto para indicar alvos de implementação de unidades de conservação no município de Caçapava do Sul

Abstract

It is noteworthy that the progressive conversion of land use, allied to the expansion of monocultures and pastures with exotic species - together with climate changes which affects not only Brazil, but the entire planet -, has led to rapid degradation and loss of natural landscapes in the Pampas. This is due to the lack of protective measures, which leaves the biome vulnerable to various biological contaminations, expansion of agricultural and silvicultural activities, and the grazing of invasive mammal species, such as wild boar and goats, leading to loss of diversity in areas with high number of endemic plants. The present study aims to identify targets for the potential implementation of conservation units, linking the preservation. of the Pampas biome to the importance of geodiversity in Caçapava do Sul municipality. To achieve this, abiotic factors, such as geological unit, soil types and topography will take into consideration to enhance the understanding of geodiversity and biodiversity, utilizing remote sensing as tools. The results obtained will allow verifying that majority the municipality of Caçapava do Sul has areas with moderately to high probability for implementation of Conservation Units. Occasionally, mainly due to the high slopes and the presence of native vegetation, areas with high probability can be observed, such as in parts of the Serra de Santa Bárbara, Serra do Segredo and on the edges of the granite top of Caçapava, places that they even already have valuation in the form of geosites and two small conservation units (Municipal Parks of Pedra do Segredo and Cascata do Salso). However, these units represent a minuscule percentage of this municipality, which shows, along with the results achieved in this work, the need to create more conservation units, to protect the region's fauna and flora, as well as its geological heritage.