Uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativa, para trabalhar noções de Energia Elétrica na Educação Infantil

Abstract

Working science aiming at scientific literacy with significant didactic material for the children's reality is challenging, and it was within this context that this research was carried out, that is, based on the researcher's experience and the reality of the children involved, the question that motivated the research was like an Investigative Teaching Sequence (SEI) centered on Scientific Literacy, it will lead to the construction of knowledge that contemplates the stages of contextualization, observation, investigation and creation of hypotheses in the stage of Maternal II, in Early Childhood Education. To answer the question, a SEI was elaborated, contextualized with the reality of school children who are mostly raised by single mothers and whose families work in the collection and sale of recyclable materials and many did not have electricity in their homes. . Thus, the elaborated SEI dealt with the theme of energy generation and was divided into three cycles, the first on/off, instigating children regarding the appearance of light from the switch, the second questioning the way of generating electricity through movement and the third through the Sun. As foreseen by the SEI, each cycle was elaborated with a challenging problem, which was done through the reading of the paradidatic books elaborated by the researcher that had as main character the girl Raio de Sol, who was three years old, was a “questioner” and “curious” and became the class mascot (Raio de Sol no Mundo da Investigação, Raio de Sol: does movement generate light? and Raio de Sol: the curious one, what is the sun for?). Afterwards, the circle for the contextualization of knowledge related to the children's daily lives, an experiment designed for early childhood education and involved in the theme was carried out and the synthesis and evaluation were done through drawings and these were described to the teacher by the children. The research was of the pedagogical intervention type and the qualitative analysis, to help in the evaluation of the produced data, pedagogical rubrics elaborated for each stage and used in each SEI cycle were used. As for the results achieved, it can be elucidated that children in this age group, being in the preoperative stage, build understandings related to the notions of energy generation. And, thus, the need for more didactic material and scientific work is exposed, in the field of Early Childhood Education, with the aim of guiding teachers to develop classes in the investigative model of science, with young children.