Potencial de geração e retorno econômico de SRFCR: análise comparativa nas diferentes macrorregiões do território brasileiro

Abstract

With Normative Resolution 482/2012, of the National Electric Energy Agency, responsible for regulating the tariff compensation system, and together with that for the drop in the prices of photovoltaic modules, there has been a growth in the installation of photovoltaic systems for micro and mini generation distributed throughout the country. In order to show the influence of the electricity tariff value with energy microgeneration projects, this work addresses the technical and economic feasibility of a photovoltaic residential system connected to the distribution network in the five regions of Brazil. The same consumer unit was considered, being of the class B1 type – single phase 220V. So, we opted for cities that are within the five regions of the Brazilian territory, being São Borja – RS, South region, Belo Horizonte – MG, Southeast region, Cuiabá – MT, Midwest region, Fortaleza – CE, Northeast region and Manaus – AM, North region. A bibliographic review was carried out, in order to base the development of this work, where two tests are used: the technical viability and the economic viability of the investment. The technical analysis refers to the sizing calculations of the photovoltaic system, for the five regions, in order to meet the energy demand and the economic feasibility analysis was supported by the tools of economic engineering, namely: Cash Flow and Discounted Payback. The initial investment varied according to the particularities and requirements presented in each region, and was also considered a means of financing over a period of 60 months. All regions were viable for the use of the photovoltaic system, but in some regions better conditions were presented. They also presented favorable results regarding economic viability, as they presented a rapid return on Discounted Payback and significant annual savings in relation to the cost of the initial investment. Due to the higher tariff value, the Project in São Borja – RS, South region, demonstrated greater profitability and a shorter Discounted Payback period than the others.