Somali: como a formação da Etiópia e da Somália afetou a criação de um estado-nação Somali

Abstract

The Somali ethnic activity in the Horn of Africa affected the domestic and international frame of the region. It is one of the major ethnic groups in the area and one of the more active in the resistances against the colonial advances in the region and the opposition of the post-colonial regimes in the area, in the Somalia case, and post-revolution, in the Ethiopian case. Thereby, this paper addresses the Somali trajectory and the consequences of it in the formation of the African States, escaping from the traditional occident models. The main goal is to explain how the ethnic trajectory generated an alternative reality to the one the model predicted, not culminating in the formation of a Somali Nation-State. To achieve this point, the paper used historic data telling the Somali trajectory in the pre, colonial and post-colonial eras. As well as understand how the historical process has made this ethnic group be unsuccessful in it’s path to becoming a Nation-State, verifying how it affected or was affected by the state formation of Ethiopia and Somalia so they wouldn’t fit in the occidental model of state (Westphalian state and Nation-State). Thereunto, a research based in indirect data, historical method and a hypothetical-deductive approach. The object of study was the Somali ethnic behavior in Somalia and Ethiopia, looking for the influences of the ethnicity in the State and vice-versa, as well as external interferences. In conclusion, the work confirmed the impact of the ethnic group in the studied states structures nowadays. The affirmation is based in the Somali participation in the Ethiopian Civil War (1974-1991), as a result of a historical and political dynamics between the Somali and the State. As well, of the pressures the ethnicity made to achieve Somalia’s independency, be a part of its external politic in the Barre’s regime and it’s play in the “state collapse”, that is nothing more than the reorganization of post-Barre Somalia in a shape that fits its identity and traditional institutions.