Avaliação da qualidade da água da região de Hulha Negra em relação aos parâmetros microbiológicos em sistemas de abastecimento coletivos e individuais

Abstract

Water is a natural resource, found abundantly on Earth. However, only about 2.5% of all water available is freshwater, of which a small amount is available for human consumption. However, the regions furthest from urban centers are not served by a WTP, which usually use alternative water supply solutions, which is fed by springs and underground reservoirs. However, natural water sources can be easily contaminated by pathogens and cause infectious water diseases, requiring microbiological monitoring of the water quality and its correct treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of the water in collective and individual water supply systems in the Hulha Negra/ RS region, proposing a water treatment protocol according to the water type classification. The work was developed in partnership with the extension project of the Federal University of the Pampa ''Protecting the Waters of the Pampa'' and the Padre Josimo Cultural Institute (ICPJ). It was found that the evaluated systems had freshwater and Special Class water. The microbiological analyses detected the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in all the analyzed samples, showing that a chlorine disinfection should be performed in the water used for human consumption in the two analyzed systems. Thus, an easy-to-understand protocol was developed in the form of a folder, which can be used by the community in the study region. The folder shows in a practical and didactic way the importance of disinfecting water for consumption, using a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution provided by ANVISA in the municipality. The protocol prepared in this work will facilitate the treatment of water by the community itself, as well as the understanding of the importance of this process for the maintenance of water quality in the region, providing the opportunity to consume drinking water and quality water obtained from natural springs in the pampa region.