Identificação da área de transição paisagística entre os biomas Pampa e Mata Atlântica na região centro-oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Brazil has territorial extension compared to a continent, with its biodiversity is one of the most abundant in the world. IBAMA ranked the country in six biomes, and in the south of the country, more specifically, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, there is a transition between two of these biomes: the Atlantic Forest Biome and the Pampa Biome. The cartographic products made available by the responsible organisms show some degree of generalization on the border between one biome and another. From theoretical references and the collection of data in responsible organisms applying cartography and remote sensing techniques, a range is suggested where the transition between the biomes occurs. The main factor in the distribution of vegetation and fauna are climatic zones. The climate of southern Brazil is characterized by the transition between tropical and subtropical climates, classified in Cfa and Cfb, which together with attributes of geological formation, soil and altitude form different types of landscape arrangements. The area of the Atlantic Forest Biome that is located on the three southern states depends more on the uniformity of the rainfall than on the confining elements. The most striking feature of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest is the presence of the Araucaria pine. The Pampa Biome presents lower vegetation and field formations with relatively uniform relief. The data used during the analysis are obtained by the MapBiomas project regarding land use and land cover, which were combined in different ways and linked to the Digital Elevation Model and the geomorphological unit data from which it was possible to suggest that the transition area between the biomes lies between the Campos Gerais Plateau and the Campaign Plateau.