Efeitos do Riluzole no Sistema Nervoso Central e Periférico de vertebrados

Abstract

Riluzole is chemically related to benzothiazoles and it is known as a neuroprotective agent with anticonvulsant, analgesic, anesthetic and sedative properties. The neuroprotective drug action is well established being through inhibition of glutamatergic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we have assayed the drug Riluzole at skeletal neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of avian, seeking its interaction with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We also tested Riluzole in the CNS of mice by comparing its results with anti - inflammatory agents, such as extract of Hypericum brasiliense (HBE) and its main isolated compound, quercetin, against the poison of Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt). In the PNS, Riluzole was tested in nerve-muscle preparations in chick biventer cervicis at doses of 5, 10 and 20 μM. It was obtained recordings of the muscle twitch-tension amplitude and the contracture responses to exogenous applied acetylcholine (ACh 110 μM) and potassium chloride (KCl – 20 mM) in the presence or absence of Riluzole during 120 min. Riluzole induced time and dose-dependent responses. At concentration of 5μM there was a gradual and significant decrease in the contractile response (p<0.05). The concentration of 10μM showed a significant facilitation of the contractile response (p<0.05) and an increase in the curve responses evoked by KCl and ACh. However, at a dose of 20 μM there was a stabilization of contractility compared to control. All tested doses of Riluzole showed a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The action mechanism of Riluzole on the endplate was further analysed through the use of specific inhibitors, Neostigmine and dTubocurarine, a reversal of effects those was seen when Riluzole was added to the medium. As a cellular model of CNS, the action of Riluzole was tested in mice hippocampal slices. The cell viability against Cdt venom was observed through the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Riluzole as much as the plant extract HBE and its active ingredient, quercetin, increased cell viability in 1h incubation at 37˚C in the presence of the poison. However, quercetin showed to be more effective than Riluzole and HBE in neutralizing cell lysis induced by the venom. Thus, these results demonstrate the influence of Riluzole on the CNS, it showed a neuroprotective effect against snake venom toxins, possibly acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. As for the cholinergic system in the NMJ, Riluzole showed an interesting effect by increasing the activity of AChE and by acting in a dose-dependent manner over the endplate.