Revisão Bibliométrica das Condições de Neutralização do Óleo de Farelo de Arroz

Abstract

Rice is a cereal that is widely produced and consumed in the world, with Brazil being one of the world's largest producers of this grain, the campaign region of Rio Grande do Sul is a national highlight in the production of this cereal. In the processing of rice for human consumption, husk and bran are obtained, co-products that represent about 25% of the whole grain. The bran is rich in lipids, which gives it an excellent characteristic for the extraction of crude oil, which needs to be submitted to a refining process so that it is suitable for human consumption. The main steps in chemical refining are degumming, neutralizing, bleaching, waxing and deodorizing. Chemical neutralization is a step in the process that presents greater complexity due to the formation of a neutralizing sludge that carries with it part of the neutral oil and a great part of γ-oryzanol, a natural antioxidant present in rice bran oil, aiming at the removal of acids Free fatty acids present in degummed oil, consists of the addition of an excess base under certain conditions of time, temperature and pressure, with the subsequent washing and separation of the neutralized oil and the neutralizing sludge. Thus, the present work initially carried out a systematic literature review on such conditions, in order to determine the best process conditions that can be reproduced in the laboratory for the neutralization of a degummed rice oil from the Campanha Gaúcha region. The platform used was Periódicos Capes, in the Web of Science database, using keywords to refine the research, namely (i) refining rice oil, (ii) neutralization. , after due reading, 11 articles were discarded because they did not address the topic, which could be due to flaws during the research. These 8 articles that were selected, were read and analyzed their process conditions. This bibliographical review found th at the scientific records of the database did not obtain much data to perform the statistical analysis of the data, suggesting that for future studies only one keyword should be used, then there is a change of keywords, because with the use of the second keyword resulted in a very sudden refining of the data. Keywords: Rice oil. Neutralization. Meta-analysis. γ-oryzanol. Chemical refining