Reaproveitamento e integração do bagaço de azeitona na produção de sabonete com potencial para esfoliação do tipo física

Abstract

Olive pomace is a by-product of olive oil processing and is usually discarded as it is considered a waste of little use. However, the antioxidant activity existing in the composition of the olive tree, together with the growing demand for less synthetic products, results in a great affinity between its components and the cosmetics area. Based on that, the present work had as main objective to use the olive pomace from the production of olive oil in the elaboration of bar soaps with physical type exfoliation potential. Initially, the olive pomace was dried, separated to obtain different fractions, ground and sieved. Afterwards, the olive pomace fractions underwent physicochemical analysis of: particle size, density, moisture, oil content, total phenolic compounds (CFT) and antioxidant activity (AA). Different cosmetic formulations of bar soaps were prepared with the addition of fractions: FSS (non separated fraction), FSC (fraction without lumps) and FCC (pitched with lumps). Cosmetics were analyzed for stability by centrifuge testing, foaming, antioxidant activity, microscopy, average weight, cracking and water absorption. The moisture content of the olive pomace was 78.6%, and after drying the sample was left with 24.2% water. The mean Sauter diameters for FSC, FCC and FSS were, respectively, 0.41; 0.47 and 0.72 mm, all being within the particle size range for microspheres used in exfoliants (< 5 mm). The fraction with the highest lipid content was FSC, with a value of 28.7% on a dry basis, with this same fraction having the highest value for AA (53.8% of DPPH inhibition). Regarding the CFT, FCC provided the highest result (135.6 mg EAG.(100g)-1) using hydroalcoholic solvent extraction. The soap formulation that obtained the highest result for AA was the one containing only FSC (1.36% DPPH inhibition), for the other analyzes there was no relevant influence of the fractions on the quality of the soaps. Thus, it is necessary to test new formulations and apply other methods of analysis, in order to prove the existing potential of olive pomace in the cosmetological area.