Sistemas de microgeração distribuída de energia fotovoltaica conectados à rede de distribuição: análise da influência do valor da tarifa de energia elétrica no retorno econômico de dois projetos de localidades diferentes

Abstract

From Normative Resolution 482/2012, of the National Electric Energy Agency, responsible for the presentation of the tariff compensation system, and driven by the drop in the prices of photovoltaic modules, there is an increase in the installation of photovoltaic systems for micro and mini-generation distributed in the country. In order to show the influence of the electric energy tariff value in energy micro generation projects, this work addresses the technical and economic feasibility of a photovoltaic system connected to the distribution network in two different cities. The same consumer unit was considered, being of the type B1 class - single-phase 220V. In addition, we opted for locations that are among those that have the highest and lowest tariff values in Brazil, with Nova Friburgo - RJ and Florianópolis - SC, respectively. A bibliographic review was made in order to support the development of this work, where two tests are used: the technical feasibility and the economic feasibility of the investment. The technical analysis refers to the sizing calculations of the photovoltaic system, for the two locations, in order to supply the demand and the economic feasibility analysis was aided by the economic engineering tools, which are: the Net Present Value, the Rate Internal Return and Discounted Payback. The value of the initial investment was the same for the two cases studied, being considered by means of financing over a period of 60 months, with a grace period of 3 months for the beginning of the payment. The Florianópolis - SC and Nova Friburgo - RJ projects proved to be technically feasible when meeting the demand for electricity. They also presented favorable results regarding economic viability, as they resulted in a positive Net Present Value and an internal Rate of Return higher than the Minimum Attractive Rate. Due to the higher tariff value, the Nova Friburgo - RJ project demonstrated greater profitability and a shorter Discounted Payback period than the Florianópolis - SC project.