As contribuições e os entraves nas políticas comerciais e industriais à inserção da indústria brasileira nas cadeias globais de valor - 1990 a 2014.

Abstract

Throughout the 1990s, with the expansion of economic globalization, there was an attempt to insert Brazilian industry in the international market, that is, in the Global Value Chains. By means of trade opening, Collor’s and FHC’s government aspired, through the admission of imported products and Foreign Direct Investments, to develop Brazilian industry in order to expand productivity and the exportations, trying to overcome the limitations from that time. Then, at Lula’s first term of office, the process of commercial liberalization continued, nevertheless endeavoring the development of the National Innovation System with the purpose of expanding Brazilian industry through implements in its productive process via innovation and competitive empowerment. In the following years, at Lula’s second term and the first term of Dilma, the national industry started to be protected because the scenario was hindering the national performance in international markets, in a way one believed that economic recovery and growth would be acquired. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze how the process of insertion of Brazilian industry in the Global Value Chains occurs, making use of the commercial and industrial policies adopted during the period from 1990 to 2014 thus finding out the contributions and obstacles of such policies. The method used is based on evolutionary economics, having dynamic processes as bedrock, in order to seek, through investments decisions, innovations in the productive process and in the products, the improvement of competitive performance. However, the attempt to develop Brazilian industry brought some highs and lows, since trade opening at first showed a sign of increased productivity, and then got continued and improved via the National Innovation System at the first term of Lula. On the other hand, the international scene didn’t support the commercial and industrial protection policies adopted by Lula at his second term and Dilma at her first term, which resulted in reduction of productivity and exportation, presenting a slump in the participation of Brazilian industry in the Global Value Chains.