Caracterização e avaliação das propriedades físicas de solo de várzea e de coxilha sob distintos usos e manejos em propriedade rural da campanha do RS

Abstract

Soil quality is related to its ability to exercise their functions in different ecosystems, such as sustain biological activity, promote the growth and health of plants and animals and maintain environmental quality. The change in shape and intensity of land use affects soil quality and leads to positive and negative changes on its physical characteristics. There are few studies on physical quality of upland and paddy soils in the southern half of RS. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the density and soil particle size, the total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity in an upland soil cultivated with soybean and lowland rice farming with rotation / soybean and native area both locations. The location where the study wasconducted is located in the municipality of São Gabriel in afarm. The treatments were upland area under forest, upland area under native grassland, upland area cultivated with soybean, a lowland area under forest and cultivated with rice rotation / soybean. The samples were collected in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-30 cm, with 3 repetitions for particle size, bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity and 2 repetitions for density particle. Soil density was lower in upland and lowland areas under native forest, with increased density for upland under native grassland, upland cultivated with soybeans and lowland cultivated with rotation rice / soybean. The values of the particle density increased with depth. For total porosity and macroporosity the highest values were found in upland under native forest and lowland forest soil, with decreases in upland under native grassland and cultivated with soybean. Lowland rotation showed an increase in microporosity. The areas under native forest showed the best physical condition of the soil in all parameters analyzed.