Análise comparativa da viabilidade econômica de sistema fotovoltaico conectado à rede considerando a mesma residência em cidades diferentes

Abstract

Seeking more and more environmental preservation, the use of renewable sources grows, which reduces the emission of pollutants compared to conventional sources. With this, solar energy grows exponentially annually, but with generation numbers still much lower than other sources. The generation of energy is carried out through a process of conversion of solar energy into electric energy, called the photovoltaic effect. In Brazil, solar irradiation levels are much higher than in other countries, and its use is even more favorable. Therefore, this work analyzes the technical and economic feasibility for generating photovoltaic energy in a residence, considering that it was located in four different Brazilian cities. In order to determine which project is the most profitable, and the influence of the tariffs and annual readjustments that each electric power utility suffers. This study mainly aims to show the possible reduction in the value of the invoice, together with the profitability provided by each project. Therefore, a system is designed for the four cases, in order to supply 100% of the annual consumption of this residence. The four projects were considered to be located in: Santa Maria-RS, São Paulo-SP, Salvador-BA and Belém-PA. Afterwards, the financial analysis of each case using economic engineering tools, such as, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), discounted payback period, based on a The Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR). All projects were technically and economically feasible, with the city of Belém being the one with the shortest return on investment. However, the long-term financial return of the city of Santa Maria-RS was higher, mainly due to its high annual rate adjustment.