“Partido de Deus”: a segurança internacional e o papel do Hezbollah no caso da Segunda Guerra do Líbano

Abstract

The Israeli-Lebanese conflict has a long history of clashes between its armed forces. Beginning in the first half of the 20th century, hostilities between the two countries are still present today. However, we can say that the Israeli-Lebanese conflict intensified in 1964, with the creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), when it began to operate directly in Lebanon. The formation of the PLO in Lebanese territory caused displeasure to the Israeli government, which responded aggressively to the actions of the Palestinians. Thus, in the following years, Lebanon had been the stage for several clashes between Israel, the PLO and, in the future, the Shiite resistance party, Hezbollah. It was only in 1985, experiencing a chaotic regional and international context, that the "Party of God" was officially founded by the Shiite community marginalized within the Lebanese multiconfessional system. The emergence of Hezbollah's political-military organization has undone the image of a militarily invincible State of Israel. As a result, the Lebanese Shiite resistance movement gained more and more legitimacy with the Lebanese population, implying an increase in Hezbollah's political power. This has led to a passivity on the part of the Lebanese government with the organization, thus making it difficult for the government to assume any position regarding its foreign policy of relations with Israel. With this established scenario, frequent attacks between Israel and Hezbollah triggered the Second Lebanon War. Started in 2006, the confrontation lasted only 33 days, but it had several external support and commotion from the international community.