Estudo sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos em empresas da construção civil

Abstract

The civil construction is considered as one of the segments which most makes use of natural resources, since constructive technology adopted in Brazil favors the waste of materials, being this one of the main causes of the generation of rubbish in Brazilian cities. One of the current concerns refers to the uncontrolled generation of these residues, as well as their irregular disposition, which brings several injuries to the society and to the environment. The lack of human resources specialized in management of residues and the negligence of most Brazilian cities aggravate even more this situation in relation to this issue. In this context, this work objectified to evidence the necessary actions for the companies to manage their residues correctly, besides presenting their characterization, the concept of residues management in the civil construction and the legislation relevant to this subject, as well as to verify how some companies of this segment were managing their residues. As methodological procedures, a literature review was made in order to acquire a greater comprehension of the subject and the research problem, as well as a field research to achieve the objectives purposed to this work. The population which was analyzed covered companies of the segment of civil construction, from a city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The selected sample contains four enterprises which develop activities related to the construction of buildings. The data collection was elaborated with the application of a form in the companies, which objectified to verify if they were managing their residues and if the condition of this rubbish was according to the law. It’s worth remembering that the anonymity of the enterprises and their city was preserved. Once concluded the data collection, the diagnostic of the Integrated Management Plan of Urban Solid Residues of the City was started, in order to get to know its real condition. The analysis of the results was made through the elaboration of depictions and descriptions of the answers obtained in the form, with the aim of confronting them with the legislation related to this subject, with the Integrated Management Plan of Urban Solid Residues of the City and with the literature utilized in this study. After the analysis of the results, it was possible to verify that the city doesn’t obey the legislation, once it doesn’t have a Municipal Plan of Residues Management from Civil Construction, and also hasn’t defined who the small, the medium and the large generators are; as a result, this ends up injuring the residues management of the enterprises. It was also verified that the companies perform some of the steps of the management purposed by the CONAMA Resolution No. 307, however, this happens because they participate in a quality plan. Another important point to be considered is that the professionals of the field of civil construction who participated in this research don’t know the legislation, because they believe that the final destination of the residues is not their business. Finally, were presented some actions which aim the environmentally adequate management of the residues of civil construction. It’s opportune to emphasize that these actions are perfectly possible of being performed without major difficulties or investments, and that if they really get to be performed, will be able to bring significant improvements to the companies and also to the minimization of environmental impacts.