Uma proposta para o ensino de física centrada na história da ciência e epistemologia de Bachelard

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to show that the Science History (SH) it can serve as a guide and facilitator be an instrument for facilitating the learning of physics. The adopted pedagogical line shows the focus on building concepts of phenomenon. It presents itself as an alternative to the teaching of discipline based on exposure of ready concepts and pure mathematical activity. The idea grew out of dissatisfaction with the results produced by the routine of traditional school accompanied by education and the student‘s difficulty to understanding the physics with traditional classes of mathematics estimates. The chosen phenomenon as study objective was to move. The choice is justified by the fact that it is a phenomenon observed by students and whose construction conceptual, is fundamental in classical physics. In the case of a fundamental phenomenon in classical physics and observed daily by students, the choose has been built a didact sequence, followed by diversified strategies and the implementing was in a first year of high school class at Manoel Lucas de Oliveira in HulhaNegra‘s city. From implementation of the proposal, an educational product was designed in a didact sequence format, containing additional explanations and suggestions to assist teachers who choose implement in their pedagogical practice. The theoretical background proposed is in the meaningful Learning Theory of David Ausubel (2003), Moreira (2006) and the epistemology of Gaston Bachelard, especially the Word Formation of the Scientific Spirit (1996) and Philosophy of Not (1991). Ausubel postulates the importance of considering the prior knowledge already built by the students and how to use them to build new concepts. Besides Bachelard considered previous knowledge important, shows the natural difficults the epistemological obstacles, embedded in the cognitive system of students resulting from their everyday experiences. An experience comes from questionnaires for data collection, building instructional sequence and final gathering informational through a questionnaire. It was elaborated individual texts and conceptual maps, predicted by the Ausubeliana theory and the epistemological profile of five students, based on Bachelard‘s theory. A flexible methodology was chosen matched to each moment of pedagogical action. It was used mainly educational by peers and collaborative learning and some experiments. The issues were analyzed from the methodological theory of the qualitative research, based on Moreira (2011) and Triviños (2012). It is expected that this proposal may contribute to the science teaching.