Análise de impactos de ruído causados pelo desmonte de rocha com explosivos sob a ótica da NBR ISO 14.001

Abstract

The use of explosives is considered the most efficient and economically viable way to rock blasting operations in mining. However, it is known that only a portion of the energy of the explosives is actually used in the rock fragmentation, with the rest of this energy eventually causing impacts to the environment, such as noise and air overpressure. This event may cause conflicts between the Mining Company and the neighboring population, causing disruption and directly interfering with their quality of life. Therefore, this work proposed to monitor the noise levels in structures near the areas of rockblasting and to evaluate the respective damages and discomforts on the neighboring community of a limestone mining company located in the city of Caçapava do Sul, as also, verify aspects of the environmental management system (EMS) in disagreement with the requirements of NBR ISO 14.001: 2015. Two types of equipment, the engineering seismograph and the digital decibel meter, were used to monitor the noise caused by the detonations, which capture the noise levels according to the limits established by NBR 9653. A total of 90 monitoring data were interpreted, which 36 identified noise levels greater than or equal to 134 dB, exceeding the limit of the standard. Data for administrative analysis and analysis of the surrounding population were obtained from the application of two questionnaires and a checklist elaborated based on ISO 14001: 2015. The analysis of the data showed that the existing EMS in the Company partially attends the requirements of NBR ISO 14001: 2015, although it is records and documentation are not enough. It is concluded, therefore, that for full compliance with the EMS and, consequently, its certification, it is necessary to control and monitor these parameters through periodic analyzes of the impact of sound pollution, implement action plans and systematically evaluate their classification and significance.