O programa bolsa família: uma análise da contribuição do programa de transferência de renda brasileiro na redução da pobreza

Abstract

In recent decades the debate about poverty is gaining prominence on the global stage, where one realizes that several countries have been shown to be more concerned with the poverty and the misery and its consequences, seeking to improve the basic living conditions of the population. In Brazil, poverty has always been a factor of relevance, since it reaches a large part of the population. From this context, the objective of the present study is to assess the contribution of the Bolsa Família program, which consists of a conditional cash transfer program for poverty alleviation in Brazil in the period from 2005 to 2014. To reach this objective, was first described in the context of social inequality in Brazil from the years 1990, being presented right after the Bolsa Família program and its conditionalities to analyze changes in beneficiary families due to compliance with the conditions of the program. To achieve the main objective of this study, were exposed to the different concepts and approaches on poverty and its effects, as well as the ways that the Government acts in an attempt to reduce poverty through the implementation of public policies, but specifically the public policies of income Transfer. By the nature of the study, he fits as a qualitative research, where the main method used was the deductive method, also making use of helper methods, historical methods, descriptive and analytical. In the mid-1990, Brazil suffered from the instability of the economy, generating negative effects on the population, especially the poorest. As an alternative to overcome this situation, the Brazilian Government began to create the first conditional cash transfer programs, where to receive the financial aid, the beneficiaries must comply with the conditions imposed by the program. But, it is only in late 2000 that these programs have great strength in the role of government policies, with the implementation at the federal level the programs: Bolsa Escola, Bolsa Alimentação and Auxílio Gás. In 2003, under a new Government, was created the Fome Zero Programme, which seeks to eradicate hunger and poverty in Brazil. As one of the most important social policies that were part of a whole, the Bolsa Família program was implemented, unifying the conditional income transfer programmes, which already exist, and so seeking to expand its reach. In order to understand the importance of the Bolsa Família program for poverty reduction, was analyzed the follow-up of their conditionalities, in education and health, and assessed if the fulfilment of these conditions has improved the living conditions of the brazilian population. The results indicate that the Bolsa Família Program has improved the living conditions of its beneficiaries through financial aid, but primarily for access to education and health, increasing the levels of school attendance and basic medical accompaniments. The improvement in living conditions is also evident in the results of the Human development index.